虎雪兰玻璃化超低温法脱毒技术的研究

以兰属花卉虎雪兰组培原球茎为试材,采用玻璃化超低温法对兰花病毒脱除进行了研究,以期为虎雪兰玻璃化超低温法脱毒体系的建立提供参考依据。结果表明:在蔗糖浓度0.5 mol·L-1预培养4 d,然后在蔗糖0.6 mol·L-1加载液冰上处理50 min,之后转入PVS2溶液冰上玻璃化处理120 min,再液氮冷冻40 min,37℃水浴解冻3 min,最后卸载液(1/2MS+1.2 mol·L-1蔗糖)卸载20 min,待恢复培养后,原球茎成活率可达到65%以上,随机检测不同处理样品的脱毒率可达97%。     

干旱胁迫对锦灯笼种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

以锦灯笼种子为试材,用3%、5%、8%和10%4个浓度的PEG-6000溶液模拟不同的干旱胁迫条件,研究锦灯笼种子萌发情况和幼苗生理特性,以期了解其抗旱性。结果表明:1)随着PEG-6000浓度的加大,锦灯笼种子的发芽率和发芽势先增加后减少,浓度为5%时最大,株高也是在胁迫浓度为5%时达到最高,这说明一定程度的干旱胁迫可以促进种子萌发及幼苗生长。2)丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量和电导率随着PEG-6000浓度的增加表现为持续上升的趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)活性则呈现先上升后降低的趋势。     

低聚半乳糖干预缓解肠道炎症的研究进展

肠道炎症已成为我国社会健康的难题和挑战，其发病率在我国迅速增长。肠道炎症发病原因复杂，目前尚缺乏有效的缓解药物，因此加强肠道炎症有效缓解物质的研发至关重要。低聚半乳糖（galactooligosaccharide，GOS）是一种食疗益生性较优的乳源功能性低聚糖，能够有效促进肠道内益生菌的增殖，改变肠道菌群结构，刺激免疫应答，进而改善肠黏膜屏障功能，缓解肠道炎症。本文综述近年来国内外有关肠道炎症及GOS干预缓解肠道炎症作用的研究进展，并对其应用前景进行展望，为此领域的研究提供科学依据。     

Relationships of Spectral Reflectance with Plant Tissue Mineral Elements of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Under Drought and Salinity Stresses

ABSTRACT

Salinity and drought stresses are critical for Phaseolus vulgaris L. growth and development. They affect plants in various ways, including tissue mineral element content. Micro- and macro-elements in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (cv. ‘Blue lake’ and cv. ‘Terli’) subjected to deficit irrigation and salinity treatments were investigated, both analytically and with regards to their effect on the leaves’ spectral reflectance. B (boron), K (potassium), Mn (manganese), Na (sodium), Si (silicon) and Zn (zinc) appeared to be influenced by stress factors, mainly responding to salinity increase. The leaf spectral reflectance of the plants appeared to be significantly correlated with most of the elements under investigation. Multivariate regression identified a relationship of the reflectance at particular regions of the spectrum with phosphorus and NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and indicated a significant correlation with B, Fe (iron), K, Mn, P (phosphorus) and Zn. Moreover, customized spectral indices, exhibiting significantly high correlation with B, Fe, K, Mg (magnesium), Mn, Na, P, Zn and N (nitrogen), were developed.     

玉米开花期相关的Indeterminate domain(IDD)蛋白家族基因的鉴定

开花期是影响玉米产量的重要因子之一。Indeterminate1 (ID1)编码玉米Indeterminate domain (IDD)家族蛋白,是玉米开花期的重要调控因子。然而,其他玉米IDD蛋白家族基因及其生物学功能有待深入研究。本文利用生物信息学技术在玉米基因组中鉴定并分离了37个IDD家族基因,记作ZmIDD。表达分析发现这些ZmIDD基因在8个玉米组织中显示出多种表达模式。为进一步探讨ZmIDD基因在调控玉米开花期上的作用,检测了37个ZmIDD在172个自交系中的遗传多样性,发现35个ZmIDD基因在自交系间具有多态性,平均每个基因具有37.8个多态性位点。关联分析鉴定到包含ID1在内的7个ZmIDD基因在多个环境下与开花期性状显著关联。对Zm00001d020683基因2 kb的启动子区和600 bp编码区重测序,共鉴定到64个多态性位点。候选基因关联分析鉴定到2个启动子区的插入缺失(In/Del)位点与开花期显著关联,其中2个位点分别插入3 bp和2 bp的单倍型为一种提早开花的基因型。研究结果为玉米开花期相关基因的分离和利用研究提供了候选基因和选择靶点。     

Ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae attenuates mouse acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride via modulation of NF-κB pathway

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae on acute liver injury, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS:Acute liver injury in mice was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 25% carbon tetrachloride (olive oil solubilization). The effective parts of ethanol extract from Cortex Albizziae against acute liver injury were screened. The pathological changes of the liver tissues were examined by pathological sections with HE staining. The activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) of the liver tissues were detected, the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were mea-sured by ELISA, and the protein expression levels of NF-κB p65, Bcl-2 and Bax in the liver cells of the mice in each group were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with model group, the serum levels of AST and ALT in low-dose n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae (AB-L, 4 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group and high-dose n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae (AB-H, 8 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group were significantly decreased. The necrosis extent and degree of the hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly lower than that in model group. Compared with model group, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in AB-H group and AB-L group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The protein level of NF-κB p65 in the nuclei of mouse liver cells in AB-H group and AB-L group were also decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the protein expression of Bax was decreased, the protein expression of Bcl-2 was increased, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased in AB-L group and AB-H group. CONCLUSION:The n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae may protect the liver by reducing the activation of NF-κB p65, inhibiting the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and decreasing hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating Bcl-2 and Bax expression.     

水稻OsUBA基因的表达及其在促进种子萌发和开花中的功能

自噬是将功能异常或不需要的胞内组分降解的细胞学过程,广泛参与真核生物的生长发育过程、对营养缺乏的响应及生物/非生物胁迫反应。NBR1 (Next to BRCA1 gene 1, NBR1)是在植物中发现的最重要的自噬受体,但有关植物NBR1类自噬受体的研究较少,水稻中此类蛋白的研究还是空白。本文通过RT-PCR方法,从水稻日本晴幼苗的cDNA中克隆到一个含有泛素相关结构域(Ubiquitinassociated,UBA)的基因,将其命名为OsUBA。OsUBA的开放阅读框长2538 bp,编码845个氨基酸残基。OsUBA属于水稻中的NBR1类蛋白。OsUBA的启动子区有多个与光、逆境胁迫及激素反应相关的元件; OsUBA基因在水稻花药、正在萌发的种子以及根中的表达量较高,在茎和叶中也有表达; 200μmol L~(–1) ABA处理显著抑制OsUBA的表达,100μmol L~(–1) GA处理后OsUBA的表达略有升高。对OsUBA过表达水稻株系的研究表明,转基因水稻种子的萌发比野生型更快, ABA (3μmol L~(–1))处理显著抑制OsUBA过表达水稻株系种子的萌发, GA (100μmol L~(–1))处理对OsUBA过表达水稻株系种子的萌发略有促进;OsUBA过表达水稻株系的开花时间较野生型明显提前。这些结果表明,水稻NBR1蛋白基因OsUBA的表达和功能可能与对开花时间和种子萌发的调控以及生物/非生物胁迫反应有关。     

甘蓝型油菜种子萌发期耐铝毒特性综合评价及其种质筛选

种子萌发是油菜植株形态建成的重要阶段,铝毒是酸性土壤中影响其种子萌发的主要因素之一,因此筛选出种子萌发过程中耐铝毒种质对油菜生产及研究具有重要意义。本研究利用5份甘蓝型油菜品种(系)筛选出油菜萌发期耐铝毒种质资源处理的适宜胁迫浓度为90μg mL~(-1)。并以该浓度处理148份甘蓝型油菜品种(系)种子,于萌发期测定其发芽势、发芽率、鲜重、干重、根长和芽长等指标,通过铝毒胁迫耐性综合评价值(A值)、平均隶属函数值(ASF值)、对铝毒加权耐性系数(WAC值)、相关性、频数、主成分、灰色关联度、聚类和逐步回归分析等鉴定萌发期耐铝性,建立萌发期对铝毒耐性综合评价模型并筛选出适宜的评价鉴定指标。结果表明, 148份甘蓝型油菜的萌发期各指标在品种(系)间存在显著差异;筛选出萌发期耐铝毒甘蓝型油菜品种(系) 01188、WH-20、A109、甲预31棚等。根据灰色关联度及回归分析结果认为,在油菜萌发期测定其根长、芽长、鲜重、发芽率和发芽势,通过回归方程估算其A值,可以初步判断甘蓝型油菜种质的耐铝毒特性。